Years ago, when racing was run, well, better than now, the Racecourse D's used to go around trainers with apprentices, interview them, check out accommodation if on-site, and make sure the youngsters were paid correctly and had no complaints. No doubt, there were plenty who were too scared to complain..but at least the intention was there. Trainers also had to make sure that the lads had a MINIMUM of 18 rides a year. Bugger all, but again, at least the intention was there.
As far as I am aware, there has always been a minimum wage in NZ employment, but obviously, employers got around that somehow because, as NM has said, racing has a terrible rap with the wider public with employment matters. Trainers, as a whole, back then, weren't as screwed financially as many are now, but staff still weren't well treated in many cases.
Now, no one seems to ensure conditions are met properly, so unless the youngster has a strong personality, or someone to stand up for them, nothing happens.
Economics now make it very hard indeed for many trainers to compete, wages-wise, with the wider labour market, there is just no meat on the bones left. No wonder that the big, successful operations can snaffle good staff more easily....those that haven't already left our shores.
In the absence of keen young kiwis, no wonder we are left with a bunch of imports from other jurisdictions to try and make up the jockey numbers. Many from Asia or Sth Africa, UK and Ireland.
And it is fair to say [ with no intention to denigrate these riders, many of whom are my friends ] if they were any bloody good at all, they wouldn't be here in the first place.